E7

Q: What notes are in the E7 chord?

The E7 chord (E Dominant 7) contains: E, G#, B, D. Its interval structure is shown above in the Theory section.

Q: How do I build E7 on the keyboard?

Take the root and add the remaining chord tones following the interval formula. The highlight shows chord content, while the inversion control changes which chord tone is in the bass.

Q: Which keys is E7 found in?

The chord acts as a diatonic degree in several keys — they are marked on the circle of fifths in the "Harmonic context" block.

Q: What can I substitute for E7?

A substitution depends on harmonic function and voice leading, not only on shared tones. Computed options appear in the "Substitutions" block and should be checked in context.

E Dominant 7

Octaves

Musical context

ChordE majorTriad

ChordE7E Dominant 7

ArpeggioE majorBroken triad

ScaleE major7 notes

KeyE majorMajor key

ProgressionPop axisSequence

How the chord relates to the scale, mode, key and progression.

Theory

General info

Full name: E Dominant 7
Symbol: E7
Root: E
Quality: Dominant 7

Chord notes

1Eroot

3G#major 3rd

5Bperfect 5th

b7Dminor 7th

Functions & resolutions

Typical function in key: VDominant (V)A major
Stability / tension: High tension — requires resolution
Most common resolutions: AA Major F#mF# Minor
Unstable degrees: 3G#
4A
resolves up to the resolution tonic
6C#
b7D
resolves down to the tonic 3rd
Main resolution: E7source
AA Major
Dominant 7th E7 naturally resolves up a 4th to A. It is the tritone between the chord's 3rd and 7th that creates this pull.
Other resolutions: E7source
Deceptive resolution
F#mF# Minor
Instead of the tonic, the dominant resolves to the vi degree. Creates surprise and is often used to extend a musical phrase.
E7source
Modal resolution
DD Major
In rock and blues, the dominant often moves to bVII or IV instead of the tonic, creating a modal flavor.
E7source
Jazz reharmonization
A#7A# Dominant 7
Tritone substitution: E7 can be replaced by A#7 (a tritone away). Both chords share the same tritone between the 3rd and 7th, resolving to the same tonic.
E7source
Functional resolution
Esus4E Sus4
The dominant can resolve beyond the tonic: moving to IV (subdominant) or to a suspension (sus4) are common alternatives in pop and folk music.

Substitutions

Tritone substitution: Bb7Bb Dominant 7

Features

Character: Dominant, tense
Characteristic interval: Dominant 7th (b7)
Description: The minor 7th adds dissonance to a major triad. On scale degree V, the chord’s 3rd and 7th form a tritone that directs the voices toward tonic.
Application: V chord in major (resolves to I)
12-bar blues
Rock, Mixolydian